Invictus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Invictus - Essay Example The feeling that this is a real person overcoming real problems lends â€Å"Invictus† great emotive power. The second theme is that of opposition. The author establishes this in the opening lines of the poem where we read, â€Å"Out of the night that covers me/Black as the Pit from pole to pole,† (1-2). No source of this darkness that covers the author is ever identified. The third theme introduced in the first stanza is that of the â€Å"unconquerable soul† (4). This theme recurs at the end of each four line stanza as a beacon of hope for the reader of the poem, and perhaps it did for the author as well when he wrote it. Each stanza following the first returns to these three important themes. Henley stays firmly in the first-person throughout the poem. But the themes of opposition and triumph over that opposition are nuanced and expounded upon in the final three stanzas. The author alludes to the, â€Å"fell clutch of circumstance† (5) at the beginning of the second stanza. This adds emotional weight to the opposition mentioned at the beginning of the poem by suggesting that the adverse situation the author finds himself in is not of his own doing. Chance has intervened in his life in the most horrible way. By clearing the subject of the poem from wrongdoing or negligence, the reader of the poem is enticed to have greater empathy for the subject. Everyone can relate to having bad things happen in their lives that were beyond their control. This acquittal from fault for the subject of the poem also enhances the achievements the unconquerable soul. Overcoming and defying despair in the face of obstacles you have created for yourself is expected behavior for a mature, well-adjusted member of society. The admirable behavior is recognized when one defies the misfortune life hands to you that are not of your own

Things i dont like Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Things i dont like - Essay Example The dislike of presenting, as far as I can tell from my particular perspective, is rooted in a fear of public speaking. Since this issue is commonly discussed in school, I had expected it to be well covered in literature. This was a correct assumption, but an initial glance at the research and theories of this condition presented a bit of a shock. For some reason, I hadnt considered that the problem might be linked to an anxiety disorder. To make it clear, I was well aware that I felt extremely anxious about presentations, but I did not ever think of it as a health concern. However, it does cause me distress and sometimes impedes my regular life, so an official assessment might tell a different story. This revelation strengthened my resolve, and gave meaning to the new goal of reducing my anxiety in public speaking situations. The next logical step in the process was to determine the factors that underlie the anxious response. A 2010 study (Nelson 282) suggests that biased processing in the brain is associated with anxiety disorders. Their study found that someone with public speaking anxiety is more likely to overestimate the risk of negative social interactions in both frequency and impact. This makes sense from an outside perspective, but I still feel stubborn to admit any exaggeration on my part. This is the kind of information I will need to become more open to, so that I may benefit in the future. Public speaking and presentations are a part of life for students, and so I can only make it easier on myself by letting my guard down and addressing these potential biases in my own cognitive processing. This assignment was to address multiple objects of distain in my life, and it turns out that public speaking anxiety is the perfect segue to the second item I had intended to address . I hate embarrassing situations. In fact, I now understand that the fear of being publically embarrassed is probably the root

Women’s Bodies in Taoism Essay -- Religion Religious Essays

Women’s Bodies in Taoism â€Å"I would rather live in a world where my life is surrounded by mystery than live in a world so small that my mind could comprehend it.† This powerful statement by Henry Emerson Fosdick so simply defines the concept of a common Chinese religion. Taoism is a religion practiced by many Asians and by people around the world. It is a religion that is so beautifully complex and yet based on principle as simple as breathing in and out. This paper will outline some basic information on the Taoist tradition, examine the views of the female body in Taoism as presented by Barbara Reed and my own critique of the tradition will be provided. A brief history of Taoism is required in order for us to pursue these goals. To begin with, Taoism originated from a man named Lao Tzu. He wanted to deeply come to an understanding of how one could induce human beings to live together. Tradition says that he developed such a theory but there was no one around to listen to him. In turn, he hopped on his water buffalo and rode to Tibet. When he arrived, he found a border guard and Lao Tzu taught the guard his philosophy. The guard agreed with all Lao Tzu stated and he encouraged Lao Tzu to write his teachings down. The word Tao means â€Å"The way†. This is the entire basis of the Taoist tradition, finding harmony, living peaceably and being creative during the flow of nature. Taoists have a goal as living life for â€Å"the way†and achieving immortality. The Taoist tradition has two sacred texts. Both of these texts â€Å"extol the way of nature as the path of happiness.† says Barbara Reed in Women in World Religions.(161) The Tao te ching is the basic text for Taoism. It has been translated to mean â€Å"The Way an... ... History, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1970. Reed, Barbara, â€Å"Taoism†, Sharma, Arvind, eds. Women in World Religions, State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, 1987. Schipper, Kristofer, The Taoist Body, University of California: Berkley and Los Angeles, CA, 1993. Smith, Houston, The World’s Religions, HarperCollins, San Francisco, CA, 1991. Tortchinov, Evgueni A., The Doctrine of the â€Å"Mysterious Female† in Taoism: a Transpersonalist View, Department of Philosophy, St. Petersburg State University, Russia, reprinted from, Everything is According to the Way: Voices of Russian Transpersonalism, Bolda-Lok Publishing & Educational Enterprises, Brisbane, Australia, 1997. http://etor.h1.ru/mystfem.html Young, Serinity, eds. An Anthology of Sacred Texts By And About Women, The Crossroad Publishing Company, New York, NY, 1993.

Ethical Challenges in the Era If Health Care Reform

Ethics, Law, and Policy Vicki D. Lachman Ethical Challenges in the Era Of Health Care Reform n truth, the United States is at the beginning of a long overdue and a much needed health care reform. We have seen the dismal statistics about our high cost health care system and some of the less than stellar outcomes (e. g. , infant mortality) (Callahan, 2011; World Health Organization [WHO], 2011)). The purpose of this article is not to complain about the current health care system, but instead to focus on existing reform efforts — The Patient Protection and he Affordable Care Act (ACA), the ethical justifications for its creation, and ethical challenges it brings. I Key Features of the Law ACA offers new ways for consumers and providers to hold insurance companies accountable. The most important parts of the law are features described in the following discussion. Because of space limitation, I will highlight some elements of the law that are enacted through 2014 and clearly impact nursing. These selected features include insurance choices, insurance costs, rights and protection, and people age 65 and older. Insurance ChoicesThe intention of the law is to expand health care coverage to most U. S. citizens and permanent residents by requiring most people to have or purchase health insurance (HealthCare. gov, 2012a). Citizens will have a choice of private insurance, employer-paid insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, or state-based insurance exchanges. Affordable Insurance Exchanges. Individuals and small businesses can purchase coverage through these exchanges, with premium and cost-sharing credits available to individuals and families with income between 133%-400% of the federal poverty guideline (in 2011, the overty guideline was $18,530 for a family of three) (Werhane & Tieman, 2011). Businesses with 50 or more employees need to make coverage available, and businesses with less than 25 employees will qualify for tax credits to offset their cost (Kaiser Family Foun dation, 2011). Consumer Operated and Oriented Plan (CO-OP). The ACA produces a new kind of non-profit health insurer, called a Consumer Operated and Oriented Plan (CO-OP). CO-OPs are meant to offer consumer-friendly, affordable health insurance options to individuals and small businesses. By January 1, 2014, individuals will be able to buy a CO-OPVicki D. Lachman, PhD, APRN, MBE, FAAN, is Clinical Professor, and Director, Innovation and Intra/Entrepreneurship in Advanced Practice Nursing, Drexel University, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Philadelphia, PA. 248 health plan through the Affordable Insurance Exchanges. Pre-existing condition insurance plan. All covered benefits are available to individuals, even to treat a pre-existing condition. This program offers temporary protection for people with pre-existing conditions until 2014, when insurance companies can no longer deny individuals coverage based on their health status.Young adult coverage. Individuals can add or k eep their children on their health insurance policy until they reach age 26. The law makes it easier and more affordable for young adults to get health insurance coverage. Insurance Costs ACA holds insurance companies accountable. It also helps individuals keep their costs down. Value for individual’s premium dollar. ACA requires insurers selling policies to individuals or small groups to spend at least 80% of premiums on direct medical care and efforts to improve the quality of care. Unfortunately, this does not apply to self-insured plans.Lifetime and annual limits. ACA restricts and phases out the annual dollar limits a health plan can place on most of its benefits. Furthermore, ACA eliminates these limits completely in 2014. Rate review. Insurance companies must now justify proposed rate increases for health insurance. Insurance companies cannot raise rates by 10% or more without first explaining the reasons to the state or federal rate review program. Rights and Protecti ons The ACA puts consumers in charge of their health care, not insurance companies. The following rights and consumer protections are available. Preventive care.Individuals may not have to pay a copayment, co-insurance, or deductible to receive recommended preventive health services, such as screenings (e. g. , mammograms and colonoscopies), vaccinations (e. g. measles, polio, or meningitis), and counseling (e. g. , smoking cessation, weight loss, healthy eating). Doctor choice and ER access. Individuals can choose any available participating primary care provider and they can access out-of-network emergency rooms without prior approval. ACA prohibits health plans from requiring a referral from a primary care provider before women can seek coverage for obstetrical or ynecological (OBGYN) care. People 65 and older. ACA offers eligible elders a range of preventive services with no cost-sharing. ACA also provides discounts on drugs when older adults are in the coverage gap known as the â€Å"donut hole. † July-August 2012 †¢ Vol. 21/No. 4 Ethical Challenges in the Era of Health Care Reform TABLE 1. Views of Liberal Egalitarians vs. Libertarians and Free-Market Advocates Liberal Egalitarians Libertarians and Free-Market Advocates Health care is a fundamental good and access to this good Role of government is confined to protecting the freedom of all allows us to become full members of society. ersons to choose their own goals and means to pursue them. This right to health care must be exercised by removing all People have a right to non-interference. barriers to access. Justice, equality, and community are values. Freedom and personal responsibility are values. Health care is a right. Health care is a commodity. Single-payer system is the solution. Decentralized market mechanisms with personal payment are the solution. Preventive services. The list is significant and begins with an annual wellness visit. Other important preventive services include bone mass measurement; cervical cancer creening, including Pap smear tests and pelvic exams; colorectal, prostate, and diabetes screening; influenza, pneumonia, and hepatitis B immunizations; and many other services. There are other services and features in the ACA that could be discussed, but we will now move to discuss the ethical justifications for the ACA. The controversy it has created in the eyes of individuals with a free-market or libertarian view will be compared to those with a liberalegalitarian outlook. Ethical Justifications for the ACA Since 1986, the Emergency Treatment and Labor Act has prohibited hospitals from refusing acute care to any ndividual who could not afford to pay (CMS. gov, 2012). â€Å"Consequently, $100 billion of care annually is ‘costshifted’ onto patients who can pay, almost all whom are insured. This shift raises the average annual health insurance premium roughly $1,000 for every insured family† (Crowley, 2009, p. 10). This lack of distributive justice for the insured is one reason why insurance is being mandated in ACA. It is equally unfair to mandate that all citizens have insurance if insurance is not affordable, as this could cause significant harm to individuals and families already struggling financially.Therefore, the ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence are supported by the features of Affordable Insurance Exchanges and the development of Consumer Operated and Oriented Plans. Ethical reasoning for health care reform has relied primarily on distributive justice as justification for change, specifically due to lack of access to care for the underinsured and uninsured (Lachman, 2009). According to the U. S. Census Bureau, 46. 3 million people in the United States were uninsured in 2008 (ProCon. org, 2012). The United States is the only developed nation in the world hat does not guarantee health coverage. Table 1 offers a comparison of views of persons who support distributive justice, see health care as a right, and therefore want a single-payer system with those individuals who want to continue the free-market system. â€Å"To single-payer advocates, the primary goal of health policy is ensuring that everyone can obtain some minimal level July-August 2012 †¢ Vol. 21/No. 4 of health care† (Sade, 2007, p. 1429). Making access to health care widely available permits individuals to be fully functioning members of society and the moral ommunity (a group of people drawn together by a common interest in living according to a particular moral philosophy). On the other hand, Americans who are libertarians and free-market advocates mostly look beyond the natural (genetic) and social (upbringing) lottery that places some at a disadvantage and instead look to the individual’s free will and personal responsibility for actions (Callahan, 2011; Pariser, 2012; Trotter, 2011). They believe health care is one of the many options from which to choose to improve the ir lot in life. Their belief in personal responsibility can make them unsympathetic o people with unhealthy lifestyles for whom they would ultimately have to spend their insurance dollars. They also resent having to fund treatments they personally would not choose (e. g. , transplants, mechanical ventilation for person in persistent vegetative state). Though many wealthy individuals support health care reform out of benevolence, they do fear the loss of freedom which is central to their value system. However, two additional factors drive change for health care reform — significant cost and quality problems. In 2007, health care expenditures totaled $2. 2 trillion, 16. 2% of the U.S. economy. Health care employs more than 14 million people and is the largest industry in the United States. Of the 193 WHO member states, the United States is ranked first in per capita health care expenditures ($6,719) (ProCon. org, 2012). The present health care system is not giving the utility f or the dollars spent. This cost problem is a reason that ACA has a focus on physicians counseling individuals on end-of-life options. It found that about 30 percent of Medicare dollars are spent during the last year of life, and half of that is spent during the last 60 days. In 2009 dollars, Dr.Gordon calculated, that amounts to $70 billion a year, much of it spent on futile care that prolongs suffering (Brody, 2009, para 20). Unfortunately, politics initially got in the way in 2009 with the â€Å"death panel† jargon and this counseling was dropped from ACA; however, this end-of-life options counseling was incorporated into 2011 Medicare reimbursement for health care providers (HealthCare. gov, 2012b). 249 Ethics, Law, and Policy WHO (2011) statistics also indicate the money spent is not putting us at the top of the list in quality outcomes. The infant mortality rate for the United States in 2009 was even deaths per 1,000 live births, ranking the United States 43rd among WHO nations. Rates for Sweden, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Iceland are all half of the United States rate. Quality is a focus of ACA in the preventive realm and with quality measurement. Two essential principles of the ACA are that: 1. Provider reimbursement for health services is based, in part, on the relative quality and patient experience of the care provided. 2. Information about that comparative quality and patient experience will be publicly accessible. Quality and patient satisfaction will be rewarded by ata from hospital comparison required by the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems for Medicare patients. â€Å"The implications of Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) regulations for hospitals are clear — FY2013 implementation at 1% of base DRG payments, rising to 2% by FY2017† (Acton, 2012, para 2). Hospitals will have to earn it back by achieving and maintaining high quality and positive patient experiences. T his consequential focus in the patient care experience supports the autonomous choice of the patient for hospitals and physicians. Ethical Challenges of ACA Legal ChallengeBefore discussing three key ethical challenges health care providers will face, the legal challenge before the Supreme Court needs to be addressed. This challenge determined if the ACA requirement to purchase health insurance violates Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U. S. Constitution: Congress shall have the Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and the general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States†¦ (Werhane & Tieman, 2011, p. 83)The argument against this mandate is that the government has never required people to buy any good or service as a condition of lawful residence in the United States. However, every working person is required to pay into Social Security and Medicare. The counter argument is that these are government-mandated and governmentrun programs. This argument ultimately could support a Supreme Court decision of only a government-run singlepayer system, an action libertarians and free-market advocates oppose. Second, there are requirements for car insurance for drivers, and flood insurance for persons ho live within authorized distance from a possible flood plain. Because all people will need health care at some point in their lives, the argument could be made that insurance should be a requirement so as not to burden the moral community with the costs of those who do pay for insurance (Hamel & Nairn, 2011). 250 On June 28, 2012, the U. S. Supreme Court endorsed most of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, including the contentious individual mandate that requires most Americans to obtain health insurance. In a 5-4 decision, the court said the federal government has he power to fine Americans who do not ac quire insurance because it is considered a tax (Jaslow, 2012). Electronic Medical Records The requirement for electronic records could generate a significant ethical challenge for privacy and confidentiality. Unfortunately, the $20 billion for health information technology from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) did little to change the current HIPPA privacy paradigm (Crowley, 2009). Furthermore, it is likely patients will carry their personal health records in their own electronic devices or retrieve them through the Internet.A transformation in rural health care is likely through telehealth and telehomecare. These innovations will bring expertise to patients to facilitate the best choice in their treatment decisions. The challenge will be to assure informed consent and confidentiality in this expanded digital age. Chronic Disease Management Individuals with chronic illness benefit significantly from palliative care services, not just at end-of-life care but througho ut the disease progression. The ACA focus on chronic disease management is best exemplified by this phrase: â€Å"An integrated care approach to managing illness hich includes screenings, check-ups, monitoring and coordinating treatment, and patient education† (HealthCare. gov, 2012b, para 1). Feministic ethics, with its focus on managing the particulars of any person’s situation, celebrates this personalized service to individuals who must manage illnesses often for many years. In her book, Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education, Nell Noddings (2003) argued that a morality based on rules is inadequate. She contended this approach loses the richness of the moral dilemmas people face, and nly situational and contextual knowledge of the individual can help resolve the moral quandaries of life. Shaping Health Care Policy According to the Code of Ethics for Nurses, provision 9 (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2001), nurses have an obligation to  "work individually as citizens or collectively through political action to bring about social change† (p. 25). This responsibility to shape social (health care) policy calls for nurses to voice concerns about the meaning of the rejection of the individual mandate for society. The libertarians and free-market advocates reinforce a caricature of American individualism and weaken a sense of responsibility for oneself and fellow citizens†¦It neglects one side of the equation, forgetting that we are not only individuals with the freedom to choose, but also members of society called to uphold a common good. (Hamel & Nairn, 2011, p. 94) continued on page 245 July-August 2012 †¢ Vol. 21/No. 4 Ethics, Law, and Policy REFERENCES continued from page 250 Therefore, nurses and nursing associations have the ethical challenge to stand firm for patients and ensure the long-term sustainability of our health care system.Nurses need to advocate for the people without a voice — t hose discriminated against because of health status and lack of insurance. Conclusion ACA has provided a forum for debate about not only health care insurance, mechanisms to maintain financial stability of its systems, and strategies to ensure access to millions of people, but also has contributed to defining American society’s values. It is easy to argue against the individual mandate impingement on choice and freedom. However, other provisions provide children, adults, and elders with coverage and services that will help keep hem healthy and support them in their management of chronic diseases, while quelling the fear of bankruptcy. The Supreme Court will decide the legal matters in ACA, but it will not resolve the ethical matters. Can Americans continue to allow the self-protective practices of insurance companies in excluding high-risk individuals (e. g. , pre-existing conditions, lifetime caps on benefits)? The principle of autonomy was never meant to abandon the moral r elationships that continue to be necessary for the human good. â€Å"The nurse respects the worth, dignity and rights of all human eings irrespective of the nature of the health problem† (ANA, 2001, p. 7). July-August 2012 †¢ Vol. 21/No. 4 Acton, A. (2012). The hidden risk (or reward) of HCAHPS. Retrieved from http://blog. healthstream. com/blog/bid/103384/The-Hidden-Risk-orReward-of-HCAHPS American Nurses Association (ANA). (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretative statements. Silver Spring, MD: Author. Brody, J. E. (2009). End-of-life issues need to be addressed. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/08/18/health/18brod. html Callahan, D. (2011). Health care reform: Can a communitarian perspective be salvaged?Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 32(5), 351-362. CMS. gov. (2012). Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA). Retrieved from http://www. cms. gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/ Legislation/EMTALA/index. html? redirect=/EMTALA/ Crowley, M. ( 2009). Connecting American values with health care reform. Garrison, NY: The Hastings Center. Hamel, R. , & Nairn, T. (2011). The individual mandate: A rancorous moral matter. Health Progress, 92(4), 88-95. HealthCare. gov. (2012a). Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from http://www. healthcare. gov/law/full/ HealthCare. gov. (2012b). Chronic disease management.Retrieved from http://www. healthcare. gov/glossary/c/chronic. html Jaslow, R. (2012). Medical groups laud Supreme Court’s decision on Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com/8301504763_162-57462837-10391704/medical-groups-laud-supremecourts-decision-on-affordable-care-act/ Kaiser Family Foundation. (2011). Summary of new health reform law. Retrieved from www. kff. org/healthreform/8061. cfm Lachman, V. D. (2009). Ethical challenges in healthcare: Developing your moral compass. New York, NY: Springer. Noddings, N. (2003). Caring: A feminine approach to ethics and moral education.Berkeley, CA: Universit y of California Press. Pariser, D. M. (2012). Ethical considerations in health care reform: Pros and cons of the affordable care act. Clinics in Dermatology, 30(2), 151-155. ProCon. org. (2012). Right to healthcare: Did you know? Retrieved from http://healthcare. procon. org/ Sade, R. M. (2007). Ethical foundations of health care system reform. Annuals of Thoracic Surgery, 84(5), 1429-1431. Trotter, G. (2011). The moral basis for healthcare reform in the United States. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 20(1), 102-107. Werhane, P. , & Tieman, J. 2011). Clearing the brush: Myths surround the Affordable Care Act. Health Progress, 92(4), 82-84, 86-87. World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). World health statistics 2011. Retrieved from http://www. who. int/whosis/indicators/WHS2011_ IndicatorCompendium_20110530. pdf 245 Copyright of MEDSURG Nursing is the property of Jannetti Publications, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listser v without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.

Human Brain Quiz - How Well Do You Know Brain Anatomy

Essay On Industrial Relations - 1566 Words

State Business Relations and Performance of Manufacturing Sector In Karnataka *Dr.Sathyanarayana Assistant Professor in Commerce Government First Grade College Hosakote, Bangalore Rural Mail:sathyanarayana80@gmail.com ** Prof.THARAMATHI.D Assistant Professor in Economics Government First Grade College Hosakote, Bangalore Rural Abstract Industrialization is both a policy and a process. It is a policy in the sense that the business groups in a given society, based on its calculations of the market conditions, government regulations and societal conditions decide either in favor of or against such a move. It is a process in the sense that business groups, in its venture towards industrialization tend to†¦show more content†¦It is a process in the sense that business groups, in its venture towards industrialization tend to constantly interact with various organizations such as the government, trade unions, economic organizations and also the members of the civil society – in fact, economy itself is embedded in civil society (Moran, 2006). Broadly speaking, we can identify two major actors or players who play important roles in the industrialization processes of the state – the Government and the business community. We call them organizations as they are characterized by recognized principles of s overeignty, exclusiveness and command structures of their own (Leftwich, 2006). Nevertheless, they are controlled in their activities by the institutional framework, consisting of rules, norms and conviction, within which they are expected to operate. It is against this background that it becomes highly essential to understand the nature and status of industrial development in the state of Andhra Pradesh with respect to the state’s policy incentives or disincentives. Further, we intend to concentrate on the role of the government in Karnataka, in initiating the processes of reinventing the industrial sector in general and the manufacturing sector in particular. The policy of re industrialization and re-emphasis on manufacturing assumed importance as the probable response to certain critical conditions – suchShow MoreRelated Industrial Relations Essay2210 Words   |  9 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Industrial peace is one of the core issues in the field of industrial relations. 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In the last part, the essay addresses variousRead MoreIndustrial Democracy in Zimbabwe1733 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrial democracy has its origins in the theories of Kurt Lewin who strongly advocated the idea that the management of change requires full participation from those affected by change (Sambureni 2001). Sambureni further defines industrial democracy as ‘a process in which employees either directly or indirectly through their representatives, share equal power over the decision-making process which management normally reserves to itself’. Industrial democracy is also defined as ‘an arrangementRead MoreHow Can An Ledc Sustain Its Business Endeavours In A Morally1502 Words   |  7 Pagesethical way? This essay will examine the moral ethical principles of an LEDC and the perspective its entrepreneurial endeavours and the difficulties in applying sustainable and ethical business practices. An LEDC is an abbreviation for (less economically developed country. An LED is a country that lacks in financial resources that makes it a struggle in any sustainable economic growth. The backbone of an LEDC relies on its agriculture and civilian labour as opposed to industrial organisations. TheRead MoreThe State Should Stay Out of th e Employment Relationship1504 Words   |  7 Pages| 1001EHR Employment Relations | Assignment Two: The state should stay out of the employment relationship. Critically discuss | | Peiyao NIU (s2838788) | Tutor’s Name: Gabby DanielsTutorial Time: 20:00-20:50 Monday | | The employment relationship may be defined as the relationship between employer and employee over the terms and conditions of employment (Loudoun, Mcphail amp; Wilkinson 2009). In Australia, the industrial relations had become a big issue, so â€Å"following the 24 November 2007Read MoreHrm and Ir1533 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Human Resources Management† and â€Å"Industrial relations† has different concepts about the determination and functions of the both spheres. The essay deliberates the comparison and contrast on the key features of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations in academic fields. Definitions of terms HRM and IR will be identified through the review of the origin and development of these two areas. Moreover, I have pointed out the theoretical scope of the two subjects and key features

The Radio Communication - 4452 Words

LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND IMPORATNCE OF RADIO COMMUNICATION ON BOARD A Research Paper Presented to the Marine Transportation Department John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation-Bacolod Alijis, Bacolod City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation By: Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Communication is easily overlooked, but the ability to communicate effectively is necessary to carry out the thoughts and visions of an organization to its people. The importance of speech and words whether through paper or voice is a communication medium to convey directions. Without communication, there is no way to express thoughts, ideas and feelings. There are many†¦show more content†¦Ships also use an emergency radio beacon system as a standalone piece of safety equipment when in distress. This study will be based on the theory; concept and guidelines set by the safety of life at sea (SOLAS) convention which generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships, Whereas the main objective is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety and radio communication services as well as ship requirements for carriage of radio communications equipment. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: While existing theories and literature points out the importance of radio communication on board during navigation and emergency in the middle of the sea. For this reason this study will be conducted to specifically explore further determine how important to learn and be knowledgeable with regards to radio communication on board for safety and security during the navigation. The conceptual framework of this study is graphically presented in Fig.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: This Research study aims to determine the level of awareness on the importance of radio communication on board as experienced specifically by the active deck officers and how these would be associated with the maritime safety and security on board. This study sought to answer the following questions:Show MoreRelatedRadio Communication : Radio And Radio1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe radio has been the first device to allow for mass communication. Radio development began as ‘wireless telegraphy.† In the 1920’s the radio was basically used to contact ships that were out at sea. Radio communications were mostly gained by the use of Morse code messages. During the war, the military used it almost entirely and it became a costly tool in sending and getting messages to the armed forces. In the 1920s, after the war, radios began to grow in popularity amongst the people. 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