Essay On Industrial Relations - 1566 Words

State Business Relations and Performance of Manufacturing Sector In Karnataka *Dr.Sathyanarayana Assistant Professor in Commerce Government First Grade College Hosakote, Bangalore Rural Mail:sathyanarayana80@gmail.com ** Prof.THARAMATHI.D Assistant Professor in Economics Government First Grade College Hosakote, Bangalore Rural Abstract Industrialization is both a policy and a process. It is a policy in the sense that the business groups in a given society, based on its calculations of the market conditions, government regulations and societal conditions decide either in favor of or against such a move. It is a process in the sense that business groups, in its venture towards industrialization tend to†¦show more content†¦It is a process in the sense that business groups, in its venture towards industrialization tend to constantly interact with various organizations such as the government, trade unions, economic organizations and also the members of the civil society – in fact, economy itself is embedded in civil society (Moran, 2006). Broadly speaking, we can identify two major actors or players who play important roles in the industrialization processes of the state – the Government and the business community. We call them organizations as they are characterized by recognized principles of s overeignty, exclusiveness and command structures of their own (Leftwich, 2006). Nevertheless, they are controlled in their activities by the institutional framework, consisting of rules, norms and conviction, within which they are expected to operate. It is against this background that it becomes highly essential to understand the nature and status of industrial development in the state of Andhra Pradesh with respect to the state’s policy incentives or disincentives. Further, we intend to concentrate on the role of the government in Karnataka, in initiating the processes of reinventing the industrial sector in general and the manufacturing sector in particular. The policy of re industrialization and re-emphasis on manufacturing assumed importance as the probable response to certain critical conditions – suchShow MoreRelated Industrial Relations Essay2210 Words   |  9 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Industrial peace is one of the core issues in the field of industrial relations. Moore (1951) suggested that industrial conflicts can be minimized or prevented by resort to two types of procedures: first, a procedure of regulating and limiting the power of the two interest groups, especially by restricting power that can be exercised; second, a procedure of providing positive interference in industrial disputes. Both procedures suggest that beyond workers and employers, a third importantRead MoreEnterprise Industrial Relations Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pageswhether the changes to the industrial relations system that employer associations advocate would enhance productivity. With regard to issues such as penalty rates and job security, there is evidence that these relate to cost cutting and enhanced managerial prerogative rather than productivity. Discuss Introduction During 2011 employer associations in Australia conducted an active lobbying campaign to introduce legislative changes with respect to industrial relations. Predominantly they were seekingRead Moreâ€Å"Industrial Relations† and â€Å"Human Resource Management† Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast â€Å"Industrial Relations† and â€Å"Human Resource Management† With the rapid pace of globalization, economic development and the more fierce competition among enterprises, the environment of employment is becoming more and more complex than in the past. The companies, no matter private or state-owned ones, have realized the significance of human resources which is the source of social wealth and plays a decisive role in its creation. The essay is concerned about comparing and contrastingRead MoreIndustrial Relations - Centralised vs Decentralised Essay3950 Words   |  16 PagesThe implementing of the Workplace Relations (Work Choices) Amendment Act 2005 (‘Work Choices’) by the federal Coalition government saw the most audacious industrial relations legislation enacted for the Australian community in over a century (Peetz, 2006). It was to be a central plank in the government’s stated aim of reform by decentralizing industrial relations laws in Australia. The changes were significant and included: - abolition of the ‘no disadvantage’ test - abolition of unfair dismissalRead MoreEssay about Industrial Relations and Problems at Toyota Kirloskar Motors1322 Words   |  6 PagesINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS (IR) PROBLEMS AT TKM (TOYOTA KIRLOSKAR MOTORS) 1) Examine the industrial relations (IR) problems at TKM. What factors led to the strike and lockout at the company’s plant? What measures, according to you, should the management and employees take to avoid such problems in the future? Discuss. Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC), one of the world largest automobile manufacturers, had entered into the Indian market in 1997 through a joint venture with Kirloskar Group; in 2006 employeesRead MoreHrm And The And Human Resource Management1094 Words   |  5 Pagesto write this essay is to analogize the differences in the field of HRM and IR. The Foundation of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management is based on intense academic study. The essay is an endeavor to illustrate by scrutinizing their objectives and the viewpoints or the approaches of this field. The first part of the essay is an attempt to define HRM and IR and it further continues to explain the differences and similarities between the two. In the last part, the essay addresses variousRead MoreIndustrial Democracy in Zimbabwe1733 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrial democracy has its origins in the theories of Kurt Lewin who strongly advocated the idea that the management of change requires full participation from those affected by change (Sambureni 2001). Sambureni further defines industrial democracy as ‘a process in which employees either directly or indirectly through their representatives, share equal power over the decision-making process which management normally reserves to itself’. Industrial democracy is also defined as ‘an arrangementRead MoreHow Can An Ledc Sustain Its Business Endeavours In A Morally1502 Words   |  7 Pagesethical way? This essay will examine the moral ethical principles of an LEDC and the perspective its entrepreneurial endeavours and the difficulties in applying sustainable and ethical business practices. An LEDC is an abbreviation for (less economically developed country. An LED is a country that lacks in financial resources that makes it a struggle in any sustainable economic growth. The backbone of an LEDC relies on its agriculture and civilian labour as opposed to industrial organisations. TheRead MoreThe State Should Stay Out of th e Employment Relationship1504 Words   |  7 Pages| 1001EHR Employment Relations | Assignment Two: The state should stay out of the employment relationship. Critically discuss | | Peiyao NIU (s2838788) | Tutor’s Name: Gabby DanielsTutorial Time: 20:00-20:50 Monday | | The employment relationship may be defined as the relationship between employer and employee over the terms and conditions of employment (Loudoun, Mcphail amp; Wilkinson 2009). In Australia, the industrial relations had become a big issue, so â€Å"following the 24 November 2007Read MoreHrm and Ir1533 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Human Resources Management† and â€Å"Industrial relations† has different concepts about the determination and functions of the both spheres. The essay deliberates the comparison and contrast on the key features of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations in academic fields. Definitions of terms HRM and IR will be identified through the review of the origin and development of these two areas. Moreover, I have pointed out the theoretical scope of the two subjects and key features

The Radio Communication - 4452 Words

LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND IMPORATNCE OF RADIO COMMUNICATION ON BOARD A Research Paper Presented to the Marine Transportation Department John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation-Bacolod Alijis, Bacolod City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation By: Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Communication is easily overlooked, but the ability to communicate effectively is necessary to carry out the thoughts and visions of an organization to its people. The importance of speech and words whether through paper or voice is a communication medium to convey directions. Without communication, there is no way to express thoughts, ideas and feelings. There are many†¦show more content†¦Ships also use an emergency radio beacon system as a standalone piece of safety equipment when in distress. This study will be based on the theory; concept and guidelines set by the safety of life at sea (SOLAS) convention which generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships, Whereas the main objective is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety and radio communication services as well as ship requirements for carriage of radio communications equipment. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: While existing theories and literature points out the importance of radio communication on board during navigation and emergency in the middle of the sea. For this reason this study will be conducted to specifically explore further determine how important to learn and be knowledgeable with regards to radio communication on board for safety and security during the navigation. The conceptual framework of this study is graphically presented in Fig.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: This Research study aims to determine the level of awareness on the importance of radio communication on board as experienced specifically by the active deck officers and how these would be associated with the maritime safety and security on board. This study sought to answer the following questions:Show MoreRelatedRadio Communication : Radio And Radio1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe radio has been the first device to allow for mass communication. Radio development began as ‘wireless telegraphy.† In the 1920’s the radio was basically used to contact ships that were out at sea. Radio communications were mostly gained by the use of Morse code messages. During the war, the military used it almost entirely and it became a costly tool in sending and getting messages to the armed forces. In the 1920s, after the war, radios began to grow in popularity amongst the people. AcrossRead MoreThe Communication System Of A Radio1570 Words   |  7 Pagescapacity of being able to converse large amounts of data across various distances. Nowadays the ways in which important data is shared may be complex, but during the advent of radio and the early stages of wireless communication, most communication systems were both linear and basic in essence. A fundamental communication system is composed of a transmitter, a channel, and a receiver; akin to casual conversations, the transmitter can be regarded as the source of information (ie. The person speaking)Read MoreRadio: a Form of Communication3166 Words   |  13 PagesRadio: A Form of Communication Physics Idoh Gersten Mr. Zambizi Physics March 12, 1995 Radio is a form of communication in which intelligence is transmitted without wires from one point to another by means of electromagnetic waves. Early forms of communication over great distances were the telephone and the telegraph. They required wires between the sender and receiver. Radio, on the other hand, requires no such physical connection. It relies on the radiationRead MoreRadio Communications For Public Safety1248 Words   |  5 PagesRadio Communications for Public Safety Alastair Mitchell ajmitchell440@gmail.com Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Cleveland State University December 23, 2016 Introduction Standards need to be set in order to handle current capabilities and handle the demands of what is to come. Standards that come with radio communication have been around for a while and one of those standards includes Public safety radio services. This standard was created for a given scenario were theRead MoreRadio And Optical Wireless Communication1192 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel radio and optical wireless communications with channel coding to develop energy-efficient and secure links for the problem of limited spectrum resource in future wireless applications. In particular, the project aims to study the fundamental properties and develop practical solutions for a hybrid RF/optical system that combines energy-efficient ultra-wideband architectures with secure and RF-spectrum-saving optical technology. Future mobile applications demand novel wireless communication technologiesRead MoreWireless Communications, The Radio Industry1425 Words   |  6 PagesWith the recent surge in wireless communications, the radio industry has seen an increase in the number of different communication standards each requiring its own specific hardware and processing. Our project addresses the need for radio interoperability with these various standards through the development of hardware generators for a software defined radio (SDR) system. These hardware generators will be created using Chisel, a hardware construction language. When given a set of parameters or constraintsRead MoreTaking a Look at Radio Communication1644 Words   |  7 Pagesmost important contributions to communication is the invention of radio communication. It has provided a platform for wireless cellular communication. According to an article, it was first believed that ‘The wireless telephone will also cover the seas, lak es and waterways, supplementing the wireless telegraph over short distances’ (Burt, 1908, para. 3). If only he knew that wireless telegraph will become a thing of the past. The first effective radio communication system was developed by GuglielmoRead MoreRadio Communications Implemented An Alert Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pagesworkload â€Å"beyond fair and reasonable standards† or an increase in operational costs beyond budgetary limits (Brannon, 1956, p. 240). Results For Kansas City’s conversion, Brannon (1956) reported several results from the changeover. Two-way radio communications implemented an alert tone system, which would enhance the effectiveness of the dispatcher’s ability to assign calls more efficiently. Additionally, a Dictaphone tape recording system was installed as a means of permanent record keeping. WithRead MoreCommunication, Radio, And Becoming Part Of The Community1684 Words   |  7 Pages†. The goal of Special Forces is simple, to serve and protect our nation and to carry out special missions. In this essay, I will give you the reader a better understanding of the reason for this groups existence, their methods of communication, radio communication, their authority, and becoming part of the community. First of all, I will give you a brief overview of who they are as a group. Created June 19, 1952, the Special Forces is said to be the most highly trained versatile special operationsRead MoreCommunication Theory And Public Intellectual, Radio, And The Newspaper998 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1964, Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian philosopher of communication theory and public intellectual, coined the phrase â€Å"The medium is the message.† The aforementioned quote, taken straight from Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, states the medium itself controls and shapes controls and shapes how humans interact with the message; this quote has stayed with me since I learned it in high school, not only because it sparked my interest in the media business, but it also allowed me to understand

Doing Business in Thailand Free Essays

Thailand†s booming economy has encouraged me to begin a new business relationship with a highly recognized Thai company. I manufacturer a line of products for the sugar processing industry. I recently signed a one-year contract with Thai Chemiclas and Engineering Co. We will write a custom essay sample on Doing Business in Thailand or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ltd., located in Bangkok, to be my exclusive representative in the Thailand area. Thai Chemicals and Engineering will promote my product line and get it into the all the sugar mills in the area. They will purchase two containers per month for which we have negotiated a compatible price. The containers will be shipping out of Savannah, Georgia with a final destination of the port of Bangkok. The shipping terms will be CIF: Bangkok. I decided to use a local company to represent my product line for various reasons. First of all, I need someone that knows the culture and business environment who has an established relationship with other locals. Once my products become known, I would like to establish a! factory in Thailand. Therefore, I found it necessary to gather all the information required to begin a new business in Thailand. Although business can be 100 % owned by foreign investors, some are reserved for 51 % Thai ownership. People of any nationalities can participate in ownership to varying degrees: through sole ownership, a limited companycorporation, an ordinary partnership, a limited partnership, or a branch of a foreign corporation. The Ministry of Commerce’s Department of Commercial Registration is directly in charge of company registration. The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) is a well-developed financial institution which welcomes foreign investment. Bangkok’s modern Don Muang International Airport can easily serve your arrivals or connections. Thailand is equipped with an extensive and ever-developing transport infrastructure and an extensive state-run rail system. There are numerous shipping ports including Bangkok’s Klong Toey Port and the Eastern Seaboard’s Mab Ta Phut and Laem Chabang deep-sea ports within 200 kilometres of Bangkok. Typical business hours are : for banks and financial institutions, Monday – Friday 9:30 a.m. – 3:30 p.m.; Government offices, Monday -Friday 8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m. (closed noon – 1 p.m.); private business, Monday – Friday from 8:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. The Royal Thai Government (RTG) has been reducing import duties and trade barriers as part of its obligations as a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and as a member of the Association of South East Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) Free Trade Area (AFTA). A Factory Establishment Licence must be obtained from the Ministry of Industry. Fees depend on machinery power rating and the number of employees. Arbitrary customs valuation procedures constitute another barrier to U.S. exports. The Thai Customs Department may use as a check price the highest previously invoiced price of a product imported from any given country and may disregard actual invoiced values in favor of the check price for assessment purposes. On June 6, 1995, the Thai Cabinet approved a policy to require, on a case by case basis, countertrade on government procurement contracts valued at over 500 million baht ($20 million) Thailand maintains several programs that subsidize exports, including preferential financing for exporters. Thailand’s export-import bank, established in September 1993, is responsible for some of these programs, particularly the packing credit program. One of the most prominent trade issues between the United States and Thailand has been the extent of Thailand’s protection for U.S. copyright, patent and trademark holders. The Kingdom of Thailand respects all international laws regarding copyrights and trademarks. Thailand passed a new copyright law in December 1994 that strengthened legal copyright protection and increased the penalties for copyright infringement Amendments to the trademark law in 1992 provide higher penalties for infringement and extend protection to services, certification, and collective marks. Under current Thai regulation, only persons of Thai nationality may be licensed in many professional services, including accounting, architecture, engineering, construction management, brokerage services and legal services. However, there is planning to revise these regulations. The announcement of National Executive Council No. 281, commonly known as the Alien Business Law, limits foreign equity in many Thai firms to less than fifty percent. The Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations between Thailand and the United States provides for 100 percent U.S. ownership of companies in most industries. Businesses in the fields of communications, transport, fiduciary functions, natural resources, or trade in agricultural products are excluded from treaty coverage. The Communications Authority of Thailand imposes stringent equity and revenue sharing requirements on International Value Added Network Service (IVANs) providers. In conclusion, The World Bank predicts that Thailand will be the world’s eighth largest economy within 20 years by the year 2020. Thailand will have a larger economy than Brazil, Britain, France, Italy and Taiwan. Thailand’s own National Economic and social Development Board has seen a doubling of the economy in the year 2000 and the Kingdom ranking first in Southeast Asia, among the seven ASEAN states. I feel that this is the perfect timing to invest and I am confident that my business will prosper. 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Migration of Business to Cloud Computing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Migration of Business to Cloud Computing. Answer: Introduction In this new world of technology, Cloud computing has been offering solution for the problems those have been taxed IT departments for years and plagued the organizations. Managing and Maintaining IT in-house has been resulting in heavy burden for the organizations that have been implementing IT infrastructure for the smaller and big organizations. This has been also resulting in beneficial manner for the SMEs (Small and Medium Sized Enterprises) in both managing and securing those data properly and in efficient budget. Cloud computing is availing the consumers with data access at anywhere via connecting to the internet and managing them to keep safe while transferring to its stakeholders for operational activities. One side this is providing facilities and security at low budget but also raising creation security issues that might affect the organization. Cloud computing performs on basically three platforms that are: IaaS (Information-as-a-service), PaaS (Platform-as-a-service), SaaS (Sofytware-as-a-Service) that are enhancing the performance of the Cloud computing services. These are being delivered through deployment of following models: Community Cloud, Public Cloud and private cloud. Australian finance industry is in its very early stage of Cloud adoption as many of the financial industries are using a limited range of Cloud based services. The approach of using Cloud based services has not been strategically placed and for some of the cases the consumers would not be aware of the services that could be provided by the Cloud computing. Based on the survey made by (Chang, Walters Wills, 2014) almost 88% of the financial industries are using cloud-based services and implementation of Cloud computing is rapid manner and among them 81% of the industries were aware with the services offered by Cloud computing. The survey resulted that about 50% of the Australian Finance industries are using hybrid of Private Cloud and Public Cloud as this is a common approach for financial industries. Other than this 42% of the industries are practicing in-house IT and moving non-critical services like collaboration, content management tools, and email management to the Cloud based services (Schulte et al., 2015). Some of the financial industries are using Cloud services as a testing environment in manner to plead the development of use cases that could be better option for assessing the hybrid of Public Cloud and on premises, in-house hosting of the Cloud services. It is also being used by the financial industries as test beds for new and innovative applications and among all the industries only 8% of the industries are using strict Private Cloud only policy. Main objectives are compliance and privacy concerns including the confidence that the Private Cloud can satisfy the business requirements of the org anization (Gai, 2014). The strength that are using Cloud based services among them 92% of the industries have an already developed strategy that is based on hybrid of Private and Public Cloud hosted both in-house and externally IT services. Based on this it can be stated that the confidence among the financial industries have been increasing towards adopting Cloud Computing services within the system of the organization. On the other hand it can be noted a certain level of prudency on the context of migration towards Cloud computing. Some of the consumers are avoiding migration of data to the Cloud and instead of that they are choosing it to use for the digital transformation of the business. Cloud adoption Example (Finance Industries) NASDAQ OMX Data on-demand: It is a Software-as-a-service (SaaS) Cloud service that provides flexible and easy access to the massive amounts of historical dataand is produced in the market with the support of Xignite. It can be accessed through API (Application programming interface) and is a web application that can be helpful in managing users to purchase data online. It can also be used as plain texts (Mahmood et al., 2014). CME Clearport OTC Data on-demand: It is an on-demand Software-as-a-services (SaaS) web service that has the same Xignite platform and can be helpful in offering accesses to end-of- day OTC volume, open interest, and settlement data in manner to provide support to the markets that are available through CME Clearport (Pattnaik, Prusty Dash, 2016). Australian Banks using Cloud for risk analysis and non-core processes: There has been use of IBM iDataPlex servers in various banks of Australia as a part of an Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) strategy in manner to evaluate and build programs related to risk analysis. More than one separate computer can be turned into a pool of shared resource that can be referred as cloud.PaaS Cloud vendor Force.com has been being used by Morgan Stanley for its recruiting applications that is providing many benefits in extensive Cloud penetration in strategy and analytics (Asatiani et al., 2014). Gridglo real-time energy apps: The startup, Gridglo, is developing SaaS services for their startup in manner to sell information to utilities in Australia. It can be described as a mining energy consumption data from smart meters and thereafter the combination of these data with data from other sources like data related to demographic and weather, real estate, energy credit scoring and demand response analytics in manner to categorize different types of consumers for providing tools that can be helpful in energy forecasting, including an energy tool for financial risk (McConky et al., 2015). Microsoft Azure DataMarket for the Energy Industry: Cloud services offered by Microsoft DataMarket SaaS can be a helpful in enabling the exploration, discovery and consumption of data from the commercial data sources and trusted public domains for example, health, demographics, weather, real estates, navigation, transportation, and location- based services, and many more. Analytics for enabling insight from that data and visualization is also included in it (Coleman et al., 2016). A common API can also be used for incorporating these data into software applications for any of the devices. Many of the energy industries have been using these platforms in manner to create analytic applications and energy forecasting. There are certain challenges in implementation of Cloud computing which can be listed as: data security, data privacy, vendor lock-in (Absence of standards), availability, and compliance into the existing system of the financial industries (Sanei et al., 2014). Following are the ways in which these challenges may impact the Australian finance industries: Financial organizations are apprehensive about the data might get compromised on a public Cloud or monetization of the data related to the customers may happen by Cloud vendors. An example can be a better explainer such as traders in a firm might be worrying about migrating their proprietary strategies related to trading in a Cloud because there are chances that the competitor might be using the same Cloud and get access to the saved data (Moreno-Vozmediano, Monentro Liorente, 2013). This implies that risk analyst and portfolio managers are much apprehensive about the location for the assets as it may lead to barrage of lawsuits or have reputational implication on the firms. Vendor lock-in is another concern in the implementation of Cloud computing as most of the service providers access to their resources through APIs to their resources. Shifting from one vendor to another might cost a lot for the organization which will neglect the first priority of using Cloud hosted application which was low cost (Avram, 2014). Compliance risks which includes providing enough evidence for care taking of the data and proving risk management processes are the another challenges in the clod hosting application adoption for finance industries. Loss of governance and Isolation Failures are the challenges that could put the challenge to control sufficiently resources in the Cloud affecting the security and an unauthorized Cloud computer has the capability to influence the systems on which the Cloud application has been adopting (Tossi, Colheiros Buyya, 2014). Security Issues Isolation Failure: Shared resources and multi-tenancy have been defining the Cloud computing which put this in the category of risk covering the failure of mechanism related to the memory, storage, and reputation between different tenants and routing among them such as guest-hopping attacks (Hashizume et al., 2013). Attacks on resource isolation mechanism can be considered very less numerous and much difficult for an intruder to gain access to it than on traditional operating systems. Management Interface compromise: Public Cloud service provider provides customer management interfaces that can be accessible through the mediate access and internet to the large resources this implies in possessing higher rate of risk, mainly in the circumstances when it is being accessed remotely and web browser vulnerabilities (Almorsy, Grundy Muller, 2016). Data breaches: One of most concerning and debating topic for any technology that is being used in this century for all the technologies that are connected to the internet or using internet as a medium. Data that are being saved in the Cloud or being transferred using internet are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. If proper security is not provided to the network an unauthorized user can get access to the data that is being saved in the Cloud and could cause severe damage to the organization in all the way. Modi et al. (2013) stated recent example can be the JP Morgan Chase m Co data breach in which millions of people were affected and this causes damage to the reputation of JP Morgan Corporation and also its share markets were down for some time. Incomplete or insecure data deletion: Request made to the Cloud vendors for the deletion of data could result in incompletely wiping those data. Timely or adequate data deletion might be not possible or may be not desired by the customers at all and this happens because of the unavailability of the extra copies of data or other case may be that the disk that is about to destroyed might stores the data from other clients (Ahmed Hossain, 2014). This mainly happens in the case of multi-tenancy services and reusing the hardware resources which could raises higher risk than the customer who is using the same dedicated hardware resource. Expectation of the customers security: The customers perception on the data security might be different from the data security being provided by the Cloud Providers and the availability of the data security that is being offered by them. In real the actual temptation for the Cloud service provider is to reduce costs without concerning the data security of the individuals (Stojmenovic Wen, 2014). Malicious insider: This is an unusual risk but probably happen to the organization in which the damage might be caused by the individual who have credentials and access to the network of the firm and had been retired or been a formal employee of the organization. He or she might get access to the network and harm the organizational data and information for personal benefits through selling it to the organization or expose those data to an unwilling individual for personal revenge. These are the extremely high risk for the firm and might cause severe damage to the proper functioning of the organization. Availability chain: There could be the creation of single point of failures in many cases because of the reliance on internet connectivity at the end of the customer. Loss Governance: Using Cloud services or Cloud hosted application for managing the data and in formation of the customer, there is the possibility that the client necessarily cedes control to the CP (cloud provider) on various issues as stated above that could be the reason of security issues to those data. At the same moment the Service Legal Agreements (SLAs) might be insufficient to provide any of such promise to provide these services from the side of the Cloud service provider, which creates a gap between the security defenses of the services that are being offered by them. Loss of governance includes compliance issues as the investment made in achieving the agreement or certification might put the process of migration to the Cloud at risk for example regulatory requirements or the industry standards that can be stated as: firstly, The Cloud Service provider does not allows the permission to audit by the Cloud Customers and secondly, there are the chances that Cloud Provider wou ld not be able to provide the evidence of their proposed compliance with the relevant requirements of the Cloud customers (Khetri, 2013). There are many such cases in which the implementation of Cloud computing results specific kind of compliance cannot be achieved for example PCI DSS etc. Lock-in: The guarantees assured by the Cloud service provider towards application, data and service portability is not yet completely achieved as there is still not much flexibility in the tools, standard data formats or procedures that are being offered (Hashem et al., 2015). This could create problem and raise various types of risks (sometimes even impossible) in migrating the data and information related to the customer to another Cloud service provider and back to an in-house infrastructure. This results in complete dependency on the Cloud service providers for the Cloud customers especially for data portability, service provision because most of the fundamentals aspects have not been enabled yet (Ryan, 2013). Threats, Assets, Vulnerabilities, and Risks Risk can be defined as the combination of vulnerabilities and risks those have the capability to affect the assets. For the risk assessment following are the list of risk and vulnerabilities including their impact probability and risk rates with a risk priority matrix have been plotted. VL- Very Low, L-Low, M- medium, H-High, VH-Very high Sl. No. Risk/Vulnerabilities Description Likelihood Impact Priority R1. Lock-in Depending strongly on single service provider for their services could lead to several difficulties in moving to different service provider and may cause serious issues. This could even lead to an impossible attempt to move to another Cloud service provider (Chou, 2015). H M H R2. Loss of Governance Availing Cloud services need a must factor that is a third party involvement that results in Cloud customers necessarily cedes control to the Cloud provider on various issues that will probably affect the security of the system and the data that is being migrated to the cloud. VH VH VH R3. Supply Chain Failure The Cloud Providers might outsourced a part of their production chain to third parties too and could even use another Cloud service providers as a part of their services that might results in the possibilities of cascade failures. L M M R4. Conflicts between the Cloud environment and customer hardening procedures The Cloud Service providers might not be able to provide compliance according to the need of the Cloud customers security measures those results in making their implementation impossible (Pearson, 2013). M M M R5. Social Engineering Attacks (Phishing) It can be refereed as the technique of manipulating individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions. It can be categorized as the simple fraud or confidence trick and can also be referred as the trickery of the information for the purpose of fraud, information gathering, or access to the systems sensitive information. Most of the case the attackers does not come face-to-face of the victims. M H M R6. Technical risks Cloud services are on-demand service (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) there are the possibilities that Cloud providers will not be able to maintain the service level that has been promised and he might also not be able to meet the demands that is being increased in a certain shared resources (Drissio, Houmani Medromi, 2013). M Ms M Failing in maintaining the services level L H M Failing in meeting increased demand R7. Isolation Failure In the environment like this where data R8. Malicious Insider (Cloud Provider) The damage to the data information related to the operational activities of the organization of the Cloud Customers assets because of the malicious insider at the Cloud service provider M VH H R9. Interface compromises (availability of infrastructure, manipulation) When combined with web browser vulnerabilities and remote access there are chances of risk to the data security. This is because the customer management interfaces of the public Cloud service providers are mediate access and accessible to the internet to the applications that have been hosting traditionally by the service providers. M VH H R10. Intercepting data in transit During the transfers of the data between the different clouds or the computers using a network, there is the probability that there transfer gets blocked or intercepted by an unwanted or unauthorized user. This generally happens during the transfer of data between the service provider and the customers (Theoharidou, Tsalis Gritzalis, 2013). M H M R11. Ineffective deletion of data or Insecure Deletion of data from the Cloud on the call of the customers does not in real deletes all the data from the Cloud rather than that data are being transferred to the eventual backup media or removed from the storage. During this if the storage had been not encrypted properly, this data could be accessed by other users that might harm the data and misuse it for their personal benefits. M VH H R12. DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service) The particular aim of such attacks is to overload a resource, service interface, or network by flooding the network with continuous request from more than one source that are being distributed across a wide topological or geographical area. This implies that the legitimate users will not be able to use the resources as intended (Juliadotter Choo, 2015). M H M R13. EDOS (Economic Denial of Service) Attacks may result in the poor-configuration or budget planning might be altered that will result in the increase of the cost for this implementation into the system and thus it might becomes unaffordable for the consumers willing to take the services. L H M R14. Service Engine Compromised It is one of the most important fundamental part f a Cloud service and compromising this could let an unauthorized user or intruder to access al the related to the customer that has been saved into the cloud (Albakri et al., 2014). L VH H R15. Loss of Cryptographic keys Compromising or losing cryptographic keys that have been used for the digital scanners, authentication, or encryption could affect the data by compromising with an unauthorized users and it could lead to financial damages, denial of services, an loss of data (Furuncu Sogukpinar, 2015). L H M R16. Cloud-specific network related technical attacks or failures Such type of attacks and failures could affect the Cloud services that might also occurred in the classic IT settings. This could cause loss of the internet connectivity because of the failures or attacks on the site of the customers. Or the internet service provider of the customer because of the temporarily reduced in the network bandwidth on the bath that connects the service provider and the customers. Another cause is the global internet conjunction, and the failures in the connectivity path between the service provider and the consumer. M M M R17. Loss of Backups There is the probability that the backup of the data kept by the service provider about the costumers data could get lost or might get damaged or ob the physical medium there has been data saved. L H M R18. Natural Disasters Calamities like earthquakes, flooding, tsunamis and many others could affect the infrastructure of the service provider and will alternatively affect the Customers as most of the service providers have different and far locations (Latif et al., 2014). VL H M R19. Legal Risks Australian Government authorities might ask the operators that are providing services to provide information for any criminal case or legal lawsuits and could access the storage media and the hardware storage devices. H M H R20. Risks from changing jurisdictions When the physical location of the service provider is situated in the country other than the customers change in jurisdiction will affect the security of the information. For example: data may be seized in the name of country security, data may even get seized because that does not belong to the same country. H H H R21. Data protection services Legislations and policies of the different country could lead to the issues related with the security of the data and the information that is being saved on the Cloud in different country. Another issue related with it is the data protection authority from different government cannot be accessed. H H H R22. Licensing Issues Violating licensing agreements of the software supplier could result in financial penalties and several others like disruption of services and many more. M M M R23. Intellectual property issues For both the cases storing data in the Cloud or using any Cloud hosted application could let to the security issues related to the information that is being saved and being executed during the application of software. L M M Risk Assessment Matrix Probability Very High R.2 High R.19 R.1 R.7 R.20 R.21 R.8 R.9 Medium R.6 R.16 R.22 R.10 R.6 R.5 R.4 R.12 R.11 Low R.3 R.23 R.13 R.15 R.10 R.14 Very Low R.18 Very Low Low Medium High Very High Impact Measures to Mitigate Security Issues Following are the measures that could be helpful in enhancing the security of the information and data that are being uploaded on the Cloud and could help in mitigating the issues that may rise due to this implementation into the system. Two-factor authentication technology can be preferable situation for securing the information and data including critical protection or even declining to share the credentials to individual other than companys head can also be a better option (Smith et al., 2013). Making thorough research on the service provider and comparing whether the agreement is matching with the compliance and SLAs or not with the policies of the organization. The research should be accurate and exact. Single Sign-on (SSO) utilization in the organization can also help in boosting the security of the organization. Financial industries use a number of loud applications and services and the individuals might have different credentials to access those services and the applications (Pearce, Zeadally Hunt, 2013). For example OneLogIn provides this facility that could be used for one login password. Another option related to the password can be the use of automatically generated password. End-to-end encryption could also be helpful in ensuring the security of the data and information that is being saved in the cloud. It should be ensured by the customer that the service provider is putting encryption on the files or not, it could also help in protecting files in the hand of hackers. In manner to minimize the risk to the extent level there should be proper encryption over the files before uploading it to the Cloud and should be encrypted by a single decryption code (Fernandis et al., 2014). Secured communication protocol like SSL/TLS could be helpful in protecting the data and information that is travelling in the network. The hardware and software that are being used to operate these systems and services should be up-to-date with the new and latest versions that will also help in minimizing the threats and issues related to the security (Barlow et al., 2013). Conclusion Based on the above report it can be concluded that both the firm and vendors needs to make their contribution in manner to fight back the issues and threats that arises due to the implementation of cloud computing within the organization. The NYSE Euronext community Cloud could be helpful in paving the path for such collaborative contribution that will let multiple firms motivate to have a proportionate stake. Cloud Computing is the most advanced, innovative, and efficient computing utilities that can be implemented within the existing system as services. 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